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launch support section

Толкование Перевод

1 launch support section

LSS, launch support section

секция стартового обеспечения

English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > launch support section
2 launch support section

Военный термин: секция стартового обеспечения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > launch support section
3 LSS

1) Компьютерная техника: Local Scrapbook Store

2) Военный термин: Large SICPS (Standardized Integrated Command Post Shelter) Shelter, Library Support System, Life Saving Service, Lightweight Shotgun System, landing ship, support, large space simulator, launch sequence simulator, launch signature simulator, launch support section, launch support system, life saving station, life support system, limited storage site, line scan system, logistics support squadron, logistics support system

3) Техника: laser seeker section, licensing support system, long spaced sonic log, lower support structure, (low speed shaft) низкоскоростной вал (компрессор), low signal select

4) Шутливое выражение: Less Smoke Smell

5) Религия: Lutheran Social Services

6) Автомобильный термин: linear shift solenoid

7) Астрономия: Lunar Soil Simulator

8) Телекоммуникации: Lucent Soft Switch

9) Сокращение: Lean Six Sigma (2008), Loop Switching System

10) Физиология: Left Side Syndrome

11) Нефть: long spaced sonic (log), Long Spacing Sonic Log

12) Космонавтика: СЖО, система жизнеобеспечения

13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: (long spaced sonic log) акустический каротаж с длинным зондом (АК)

14) Образование: Local School System

15) Сетевые технологии: Loadable Storage Systems

16) Программирование: List Set Similarities, Load Far Pointer in SS

17) Макаров: large space structure, large space system, life support subsystem, low-supply Schottky

18) Расширение файла: Spreadsheet (Legato - IBM Works for OS/2)

19) NYSE. Lone Star Technologies, Inc.

20) Аэропорты: Terre-de-Haut, French Antilles

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LSS
4 lss

1) Компьютерная техника: Local Scrapbook Store

2) Военный термин: Large SICPS (Standardized Integrated Command Post Shelter) Shelter, Library Support System, Life Saving Service, Lightweight Shotgun System, landing ship, support, large space simulator, launch sequence simulator, launch signature simulator, launch support section, launch support system, life saving station, life support system, limited storage site, line scan system, logistics support squadron, logistics support system

3) Техника: laser seeker section, licensing support system, long spaced sonic log, lower support structure, (low speed shaft) низкоскоростной вал (компрессор), low signal select

4) Шутливое выражение: Less Smoke Smell

5) Религия: Lutheran Social Services

6) Автомобильный термин: linear shift solenoid

7) Астрономия: Lunar Soil Simulator

8) Телекоммуникации: Lucent Soft Switch

9) Сокращение: Lean Six Sigma (2008), Loop Switching System

10) Физиология: Left Side Syndrome

11) Нефть: long spaced sonic (log), Long Spacing Sonic Log

12) Космонавтика: СЖО, система жизнеобеспечения

13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: (long spaced sonic log) акустический каротаж с длинным зондом (АК)

14) Образование: Local School System

15) Сетевые технологии: Loadable Storage Systems

16) Программирование: List Set Similarities, Load Far Pointer in SS

17) Макаров: large space structure, large space system, life support subsystem, low-supply Schottky

18) Расширение файла: Spreadsheet (Legato - IBM Works for OS/2)

19) NYSE. Lone Star Technologies, Inc.

20) Аэропорты: Terre-de-Haut, French Antilles

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > lss
5 LSS

LSS, landing ship, support

десантный корабль с вооружением поддержки десанта
————————
LSS, large space simulator

крупногабаритный космический тренажер
————————
LSS, launch sequence simulator

ркт тренажер для отработки последовательности пусков
————————
LSS, launch signature simulator

имитатор пусковой сигнатуры
————————
LSS, launch support section

секция стартового обеспечения
————————
LSS, launch support system

система стартового обеспечения
————————
LSS, Life Saving Service

спасательная служба
————————
LSS, life saving station

спасательная станция
————————
LSS, life support system

система жизнеобеспечения
————————
LSS, limited storage site

склад временного хранения имущества
————————
LSS, line scan system

система линейного сканирования
————————
LSS, logistics support squadron

эскадрилья МТО
————————
LSS, logistics support system

система МТО [тылового обеспечения]

English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > LSS
6 LSE

1) Военный термин: Logistic Support Element, Logistics Support Element, landing ship, emergency repair, life support equipment

2) Техника: least-square estimator

3) Математика: оценка, полученная методом наименьших квадратов (least-squares estimator)

4) Британский английский: Лондонская фондовая биржи (London Stock Exchange)

5) Биржевой термин: Lahore Stock Exchange

6) Сокращение: Local Security Environment

7) Университет: London School of Economics

8) Электроника: Latex Sphere Equivalent, Longitudinal Section Electric

9) Вычислительная техника: Local Subscriber Environment

10) Нефть: lease

11) Банковское дело: Лондонская фондовая биржа (London Stock Exchange)

12) Транспорт: Luxury Super Express

13) Деловая лексика: Лондонская школа экономики (London School of Economics)

14) Бурение: lease (refers to the property on which the well is being drilled)

15) Инвестиции: London Stock Exchange

16) Контроль качества: least-squares estimator

17) Макаров: launch support equipment, liquid solvent extraction

18) Энергосистемы: load serving entities, оптовые поставщики электроэнергии, распределительная компания, load serving entity, местная распределительная компания, энергораспределительная компания

19) Аэропорты: La Crosse, Wisconsin USA

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LSE
7 center

центр; пункт; пост; узел; середина; научпо-иселсдовагсльскпй центр, НИЦ; выводить на середину; арт. корректировать; центрировать;

air C3 center — центр руководства, управления и связи ВВС

air defense training and test(ing) center — учебно-испытательный центр ПВО

airborne battlefield C2 center — ВКП оперативного управления боевыми действиями

Armored (Combat) Training center — учебный центр бронетанковых войск

Army aviation (tactical) center — центр управления действиями армейской авиации

Defense Logistics (Services) center — центр тылового обеспечения МО

general supply (commodity) center — центр [пункт] снабжения предметами общего предназначения

hard launch (operations) control center — ркт. центр [пункт] управления пуском, защищенный от (поражающих факторов) ЯВ

large-scale surface C2 center — крупный наземный центр оперативного управления

launch (operations) control center — ркт. пункт управления стартового комплекса [пуском ракет]

military air traffic (control) center — военный центр УВД

mountain (warfare) training center — центр обучения войск действиям в горах

rear area operation(s) center — оперативный центр тылового района

replacement (depot) training center — учебный центр подготовки пополнений

sector (air operations) control center — центр управления действиями авиации в секторе ПВО

situation center (White House) — центр оценки обстановки (в Белом доме)

space defense C2 center — центр оперативного управления средствами ПКО

tactical fighter weapons (employment development) center — центр разработки способов боевого применения оружия истребителей ТА

— AA defense center

— accounting and finance center

— action center

— action information center

— Adjutant General center

— administrative center

— administrative support operations center

— advanced intelligence center

— advanced message center

— advanced signal center

— Advanced Simulation center

— adventure training center

— aerial embarkation center

— aeromedical evacuation control center

— aeronautical chart and information center

— aeronautical systems center

— Aerospace center

— Aerospace Defense center

— Aerospace Guidance center

— aerospace technical intelligence center

— AG center

— AG message center

— aggressor center

— air combat operations control center

— air control and reporting center

— air control center

— air coordination center

— air defense area operations center

— air defense control center

— air defense direction center

— air defense filter center

— air defense missile systems operations control center

— air defense national center

— air defense notification center

— air defense operations center

— air defense sector operations center

— air defense technical center

— air defense training center

— Air Defense Weapons center

— air defense zone operations center

— air direction center

— Air Force Armament center

— Air Force combat intelligence center

— Air Force Cryptologic Support center

— Air Force Engineering and Services center

— Air Force Inspection and Safety center

— Air Force Intelligence center

— Air Force Legal Services center

— Air Force Manpower and Personnel center

— Air Force Medical Service center

— Air Force Missile Development center

— Air Force Service Information and News center

— Air Force Space and Missile Test center

— Air Force Special Forces center

— Air Force Special Weapons center

— Air Force tactical center

— Air Force technical training center

— Air Force Test and Evaluation center

— air logistics coordination center

— air reconnaissance control center

— air rescue control center

— air rescue coordination center

— Air Reserve Personnel center

— air route traffic control center

— air safety center

— air situation information collecting and warning center

— air support operations center

— air tactical operations center

— air training center

— airborne control center

— airborne direct air support center

— airborne launch control center

— airborne operations center

— airborne signal center

— aircraft control center

— airfield center

— air-ground weather center

— airhead air traffic coordination center

— airlift control center

— airlift coordination center

— alert center

— alert defense center

— Allied Command Operations center

— Allied Press Information center

— Allied Sector Operations center

— Allied Signal Training center

— Allied Tactical Air Force command center

— Allied Tactical Operations center

— all-sources intelligence center

— alternate joint communications center

— Alternate National Military Command center

— alternate signal center

— amphibious control center

— amphibious training center

— analysis center

— aquatic training center

— Arctic Test center

— Arctic Training center

— Arctic-Desert Tropic Information center

— area combined movements center

— area communications center

— area control center

— area damage control center

— area security coordination center

— area signal center

— arm training center

— armament and combat vehicle center

— Armament Development and Test center

— Armament Maintenance Management Information center

— Armed Forces Command center

— Armed Forces Recreation center

— Armed Forces Reserve center

— Army Administration center

— Army BM Defense Advanced Research center

— Army BM Defense Advanced Technology center

— Army center of Military History

— Army Foreign Science and Technology center

— Army Intelligence center

— Army Logistics Management center

— Army Medical Materiel center

— Army Missile and Munitions center and School

— Army Missile Development center

— Army Missile Test center

— Army Mobility Research center

— Army Ordnance center and School

— Army Pacific Area Documentation center

— Army Photo center

— Army photographic interpretation center

— Army Regional Medical center

— Army Reserve Components Personnel and Administration center

— Army Security Assistance center

— Army tactical operations center

— Army Youth Selection center

— artillery direction center

— assessment center

— attack center

— automated mobile air defense center

— automatic data processing service center

— automatic data processing training center

— automatic data service center

— automatic digital message switching center

— automatic switching center

— aviation maintenance center

— base defense operations center

— base operations center

— basic training center

— battalion fire distribution center

— battalion maintenance center

— battalion operations center

— battery center

— battle simulation center

— battlefield information coordination center

— battlefield intelligence coordination center

— battlefield surveillance center

— BM Defense Research center

— BM Radiation Analysis center

— BM training center

— branch training center

— briefing center

— burst center

— burst error center

— C center

— C Technical center

— casualty reception center

— center for Communications Sciences

— center for Defense Information

— center for Disarmament

— center for Naval Analysis

— center for Strategic and International Studies

— center of combat

— center of impact

— center of mass

— center of resistance

— central stock control center

— central warning center

— channel and message switching center

— CIA Operations center

— CIA regional center

— civic center

— civil emergency operations center

— civilian internee information center

— Civilian Personnel center

— classification and reclamation center

— classified message center

— close air support center

— clothing exchange center

— coast spotting center

— code center

— cold regions test center

— cold weather training center

— collecting center

— combat control center

— combat crew replacement center

— combat development and test center

— combat development experimental center

— combat development experimentation center

— combat employment development center

— combat information center

— combat operations center

— combat support training center

— combat training center

— combined arms center

— combined arms simulation center

— combined arms training center

— command and operations center

— command center

— command operations center

— command signal center

— communications center

— communications centers operation control center

— communications monitoring center

— communications security center

— communications switching center

— communications system control center

— communications system planning center

— communications technical control center

— communications-electronics center

— community services center

— computation center

— computer-assisted designing equipment center

— computerized intelligence collection center

— construction supply center

— contamination center

— control and reporting center

— control center

— control communications center

— coordinating center

— coordination center

— coordination computer center

— corps press information center

— counterair operations center

— counterintelligence center

— counterintelligence interrogation center

— crisis relocation center

— critical logistics center

— cryptographic center

— cultural information analysis center

— damage assessment center

— damage control center

— decontamination center

— deep underground command center

— defense center

— Defense Clothing and Textile Supply center

— Defense Communications Agency Operations center

— Defense Communications Engineering center

— Defense Construction Supply center

— Defense Documentation center

— Defense Electronics Supply center

— Defense Fuel Supply center

— Defense Industrial Plant Equipment center

— Defense Industrial Supply center

— Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace center

— Defense Mapping Agency Topographic center

— Defense Medical Supply center

— Defense Personnel Support center

— Defense Problems Information center

— Defense Security Clearance center

— Defense Supply center

— deployment control center

— desert training center

— design center

— detailed interrogation center

— detention center

— development center

— direct air support center

— direction center

— Disciplinary Correction center

— disciplinary training center

— dispersion center

— distribution center

— district air support center

— district HQ command center

— doctrinal center

— documentation center

— drill center

— drone control center

— educational center

— electromagnetic compatibility analysis center

— electronic data processing center

— electronic data transmission control center

— electronic intelligence center

— electronics supply center

— emergency control center

— emergency decontamination center

— emergency operations center

— engineer replacement training center

— Enlisted Evaluation center

— Enlisted Records and Evaluation center

— entertainment center

— environment prediction center

— equipment depot center

— Euro Training center

— European Defense Analysis center

— evacuation center

— evaluation center

— EW coordination center

— EW intelligence operations center

— experimental engineer construction center

— experimentation center

— exploitation center

— explosive ordnance disposal coordination center

— FA tactical operations center

— family and community center

— family life center

— family welcome center

— Federal contract research center

— federal emergency operating center

— Federal Warning center

— Field Army tactical operations center

— field maintenance center

— fighter control center

— finance center

— fire control center

— fire direction center

— fire distribution center

— fire section center

— fire-support control center

— fire-support coordination center

— first-aid decontamination center

— fixed communications center

— Fleet Analysis center

— Fleet Anti-Air Warfare center

— Fleet Anti-Air Weapon Training center

— Fleet BM center

— Fleet Combat Training center

— Fleet Command center

— Fleet Loading center

— flight communications center

— flight control center

— flight coordination center

— food service center

— foreign military aid training center

— foreign military assistance training center

— foreign science and technology center

— fortified center

— fortified signal center

— forward area communications center

— forward area signal center

— forward communications center

— forward direction center

— forward electrical/electronic service center

— forward signal center

— general development center

— general support center

— general technical support center

— geodetic survey information center

— ground support equipment center

— guided weapon center

— helicopter direction center

— helicopter logistic support center

— High Energy Laser center

— Home Town News center

— human resources research center

— imagery interpretation center

— imagination center

— indoctrination center

— industrial supply center

— infantry training center

— infiltration surveillance center

— information center

— information computer center

— information mapping center

— initial training center

— in-out processing center

— integrated operational intelligence center

— intelligence and operational information collection center

— intelligence center

— intelligence fusion center

— intelligence information center

— intelligence operations center

— intelligence processing and evaluation center

— intelligence threat analysis center

— interrogation center

— inventory control center

— joint air-photo center

— Joint Army-Navy Information center

— joint command operations' center

— joint EW center

— joint nuclear accidents coordinating center

— joint operations center

— joint operations integrated center

— Joint Reconnaissance center

— Joint Refugee Operations center

— joint search and rescue center

— jump tactical operations center

— jungle operations training center

— jungle warfare training center

— labor supervision center

— Land Warfare center

— land-based signal monitoring center

— Landing Force Training center

— landing zone control center

— Leadership and Management Development center

— learning resource center

— Library Service center

— logistical center

— logistical operations center

— logistics communications center

— logistics coordinating center

— logistics readiness center

— logistics services center

— logistics support operations center

— main command center

— Main Naval Communications center

— main signal center

— maintenance center

— maintenance control center

— maintenance management center

— major development center

— management center

— map distribution center

— Marine Corps Air Ground Intelligence center

— Marine Corps Air/Ground Combat Training center

— Marine Corps Development center

— Marine Corps Emergency Operations center

— Marine Corps Landing Force Development center

— market center

— material and maintenance control center

— material management center

— Materials and Mechanics Research center

— materials information center

— materiel maintenance center

— medical control center

— medical hospital center

— medical training center

— message center

— message processing center

— metrology and calibration center

— military aircraft storage and disposition center

— military center

— military corrective training center

— military intelligence detachment communications center

— Military Intelligence Unit Training center

— Military Personnel center

— military personnel records center

— military R & D center

— military service propaganda center

— military space surveillance center

— military subsistence market center

— missile and munitions center

— missile center

— missile defense center

— missile development center

— missile operations center

— missile space center

— missile warning center

— mobile air combat operations center

— mobile communications center

— mobile computation center

— mobile ground combat information center

— mobile signal center

— Mobility Equipment R&D center

— mobilization center

— mock center

— modification center

— mortar-fire control center

— mortar-fire direction center

— motor transport center

— movement control center

— movement report control center

— MP training center

— multinational nuclear fuel cycle center

— multiservice center

— National Assessment center

— National Bidders Control center

— National Civil Defense Warning center

— National Command center

— National Communications System Operations center

— National Damage Assessment center

— National Defense Communications Control center

— National Foreign Information Assessment center

— National Indications center

— National Intelligence Objectives center

— National Internal Defense Coordination center

— National Military Command center

— National Military Communications center

— National Military Intelligence center

— National Naval Medical center

— National Personnel Records center

— National Photographic Interpretation center

— National SIGINT Operations center

— National Space Surveillance Control center

— National Training center

— NATO Maintenance Supply Service center

— NATO Supply center

— Naval Air Missile center

— Naval Air Propulsion Test center

— Naval Command center

— naval gunfire operation center

— Naval Intelligence Support center

— Naval Missile center

— Naval Surface Weapons center

— Naval Training Equipment center

— Naval Undersea Warfare center

— NBC collection center

— NBC control center

— NBC information collection center

— NBC sub-collection center

— network control center

— night observation device information analysis center

— nodal communication center

— North American Air Defense Combat Operations center

— Northern Warfare Training center

— nuclear fuel cycle center

— nuclear production center

— nuclear weapons training center

— officer evaluation center

— officer evaluations training center

— operational center

— operational tactical control center

— operations control center

— ordnance center

— ordnance test center

— overseas replacement center

— over-the-counter message center

— pathfinder control center

— Personnel and Administration center

— personnel data center

— personnel management center

— personnel operations center

— personnel records center

— personnel recovery center

— planning center

— post concentration center

— premission briefing center

— printing and publications center

— prisoner interrogation center

— prisoner of war/civilian internee center

— programming and trainmg center

— programming center

— public works center

— PW exploitation center

— PW information center

— radar direction center

— radar information processing center

— radiation analysis center

— radio reception center

— radio teletype message center

— radio transmission center

— radiological center

— range center

— rear area combat operations center

— rear area information/intelligence center

— rear security control center

— rear switching center

— reassignment center

— recreational services support center

— recruit training center

— recruiting center

— referral center

— regional control center

— regional operations center

— rehabilitation training center

— relay communications center

— religious retreat center

— relocation center

— remote area conflict information center

— report center

— Reserve Components Personnel and Administration center

— reserve training center

— resource control center

— rest center

— restructured general support center

— retraining center

— rural civilian defense center

— salvage center

— SAM coordinate center

— secured communications center

— Security Assistance Accounting center

— security clearance center

— seismic array analysis center

— semi-automatic ground environment manual control center

— service center

— service operations center

— SHAPE Alternate Command center

— SHAPE Data Retrieval center

— signal center

— signal technical control center

— simulation center

— skill development center

— soft launch control center

— soldier support center

— Sonar Research center

— Space Computation center

— space defense center

— Space Defense Operations center

— space operations center

— space support center

— Space Technology center

— special air warfare center

— special communications center

— Special Forces Support center

— special treatment center

— special warfare center

— special weapons center

— special weapons operations center

— specialist training center

— standards information center

— standby center

— standby local early warning and control center

— stationary signal center

— stock control center

— Strategic and International Studies center

— strategic center of gravity

— strategic concepts development center

— strategic planning center

— subcollection center

— supply center

— supporting arms coordinating center

— supporting signal center

— surveillance center

— survey information center

— switching center

— systems operation center

— Tactical Air Combat Employment center

— tactical air command center

— tactical air control center

— tactical air coordination center

— tactical air direction center

— tactical air operations center

— tactical air reconnaissance center

— tactical air support center

— tactical air warfare center

— tactical aircraft forward direction center

— tactical airlift center

— tactical army operations center

— tactical aviation warning and control center

— tactical control center

— tactical flag command center

— tactical intelligence center

— tactical operations center

— tactical support center

— tactical unit operations center

— Tactical Warfare center

— tactical weapons guidance and control information and analysis center

— target information center

— target processing center

— targeting center

— technical application center

— technical checkup center

— technical intelligence center

— technical training center

— telecommunications center

— teletypewriter relay center

— teletypewriter switching center

— test center

— theater joint operations center

— training aids support center

— training and experimental center

— Training center and Air Defense School

— Training center and Army Security Agency School

— Training center and Military Intelligence School

— Training center and Ordnance and Chemical School

— training center

— trajectory center

— transport aviation combat employment development center

— transport control center

— transportation and movements control center

— Tropic Test center

— tropospheric communications center

— trunk switching center

— UN center for Disarmament

— underwater situation evaluation center

— urban center

— vacation center

— vehicle maintenance center

— vehicle-based mobile signal center

— vehicle-collecting center

— vocational training center

— warning center

— weapon systems programs center

— weapon training center

— weapons information and analysis center

— weapons monitoring center

— weapons systems management center

— wheeled vehicle maintenance center

— winter warfare training center

— wire distribution center

English-Russian military dictionary > center
8 ALS

1) Компьютерная техника: Automatic Line Switching

2) Авиация: Airworthiness Limitations Section

3) Медицина: advanced life support, Боковой амиотрофический склероз (ALS)

4) Американизм: Administrative License Suspension

5) Военный термин: Active Laser Seeker, Air Land Sea, Air Logistics Service, Airborne Link Segment, Airman Leadership School, All Ladies Shaved, Army Legal Services, advanced logistics system, air letter service, air liaison section, air logistics system, augmented logistics support, azimuth laying set, усовершенствованная ракета-носитель

6) Техника: airborne laser system, automatic level setting, автоматическое отключение лазера (Automatic Laser Shutdown)

7) Сельское хозяйство: Agricultural Land Service

8) Строительство: accident localization system

9) Железнодорожный термин: Alton and Southern Railway Company

10) Геодезия: АФС, аэросъёмка, аэрофотосъёмка, ВЛС, воздушно-лазерное сканирование, воздушное лазерное сканирование, лидарная съёмка, aerial laser scanning, airborne laser scanning

11) Телекоммуникации: Accounts Ledger System, Alternative Line Service

12) Сокращение: Advanced Letter Sorter (future), Airlift Squadron, All-weather Landing System, American Laser Systems Inc., American Littoral Society, Anflug- und Landesystem, Approach Light System, Automatic Landing System, Auxiliary Lighter (USA), Advanced Launch System (USA; SDI project), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ПРМ (Advanced Life Support - полнообъёмные реанимационные мероприятия.)

13) Физиология: Absolute Loss Of Sense, Acute Lumbar Strain, Aldolase, AntiLymphocytic Serum

14) Электроника: Advanced Light Source, Advanced Low-power Schottky

15) Вычислительная техника: Adjacent Link Station (IBM), Advanced Launch System (Space)

16) Биохимия: Antilymphocyte Serums

17) Космонавтика: Advanced launch system

18) Транспорт: Approach Landing System, Approach Lighting System

19) Фирменный знак: American Lightwave Systems, Appraisal & Liquidation Services, Inc.

20) СМИ: Autograph Letter Signed

21) Образование: American Learning System

22) Сетевые технологии: application layer structure

23) Макаров: advanced low-power Schottky (TTL)

24) Нефть и газ: Artificial Lift System

25) Электротехника: aluminum sheath

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ALS
9 Als

1) Компьютерная техника: Automatic Line Switching

2) Авиация: Airworthiness Limitations Section

3) Медицина: advanced life support, Боковой амиотрофический склероз (ALS)

4) Американизм: Administrative License Suspension

5) Военный термин: Active Laser Seeker, Air Land Sea, Air Logistics Service, Airborne Link Segment, Airman Leadership School, All Ladies Shaved, Army Legal Services, advanced logistics system, air letter service, air liaison section, air logistics system, augmented logistics support, azimuth laying set, усовершенствованная ракета-носитель

6) Техника: airborne laser system, automatic level setting, автоматическое отключение лазера (Automatic Laser Shutdown)

7) Сельское хозяйство: Agricultural Land Service

8) Строительство: accident localization system

9) Железнодорожный термин: Alton and Southern Railway Company

10) Геодезия: АФС, аэросъёмка, аэрофотосъёмка, ВЛС, воздушно-лазерное сканирование, воздушное лазерное сканирование, лидарная съёмка, aerial laser scanning, airborne laser scanning

11) Телекоммуникации: Accounts Ledger System, Alternative Line Service

12) Сокращение: Advanced Letter Sorter (future), Airlift Squadron, All-weather Landing System, American Laser Systems Inc., American Littoral Society, Anflug- und Landesystem, Approach Light System, Automatic Landing System, Auxiliary Lighter (USA), Advanced Launch System (USA; SDI project), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ПРМ (Advanced Life Support - полнообъёмные реанимационные мероприятия.)

13) Физиология: Absolute Loss Of Sense, Acute Lumbar Strain, Aldolase, AntiLymphocytic Serum

14) Электроника: Advanced Light Source, Advanced Low-power Schottky

15) Вычислительная техника: Adjacent Link Station (IBM), Advanced Launch System (Space)

16) Биохимия: Antilymphocyte Serums

17) Космонавтика: Advanced launch system

18) Транспорт: Approach Landing System, Approach Lighting System

19) Фирменный знак: American Lightwave Systems, Appraisal & Liquidation Services, Inc.

20) СМИ: Autograph Letter Signed

21) Образование: American Learning System

22) Сетевые технологии: application layer structure

23) Макаров: advanced low-power Schottky (TTL)

24) Нефть и газ: Artificial Lift System

25) Электротехника: aluminum sheath

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Als
10 als

1) Компьютерная техника: Automatic Line Switching

2) Авиация: Airworthiness Limitations Section

3) Медицина: advanced life support, Боковой амиотрофический склероз( ALS)

4) Американизм: Administrative License Suspension

5) Военный термин: Active Laser Seeker, Air Land Sea, Air Logistics Service, Airborne Link Segment, Airman Leadership School, All Ladies Shaved, Army Legal Services, advanced logistics system, air letter service, air liaison section, air logistics system, augmented logistics support, azimuth laying set, усовершенствованная ракета-носитель

6) Техника: airborne laser system, automatic level setting, автоматическое отключение лазера (Automatic Laser Shutdown)

7) Сельское хозяйство: Agricultural Land Service

8) Строительство: accident localization system

9) Железнодорожный термин: Alton and Southern Railway Company

10) Геодезия: АФС, аэросъёмка, аэрофотосъёмка, ВЛС, воздушно-лазерное сканирование, воздушное лазерное сканирование, лидарная съёмка, aerial laser scanning, airborne laser scanning

11) Телекоммуникации: Accounts Ledger System, Alternative Line Service

12) Сокращение: Advanced Letter Sorter (future), Airlift Squadron, All-weather Landing System, American Laser Systems Inc., American Littoral Society, Anflug- und Landesystem, Approach Light System, Automatic Landing System, Auxiliary Lighter (USA), Advanced Launch System (USA; SDI project), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ПРМ (Advanced Life Support - полнообъёмные реанимационные мероприятия.)

13) Физиология: Absolute Loss Of Sense, Acute Lumbar Strain, Aldolase, AntiLymphocytic Serum

14) Электроника: Advanced Light Source, Advanced Low-power Schottky

15) Вычислительная техника: Adjacent Link Station (IBM), Advanced Launch System (Space)

16) Биохимия: Antilymphocyte Serums

17) Космонавтика: Advanced launch system

18) Транспорт: Approach Landing System, Approach Lighting System

19) Фирменный знак: American Lightwave Systems, Appraisal & Liquidation Services, Inc.

20) СМИ: Autograph Letter Signed

21) Образование: American Learning System

22) Сетевые технологии: application layer structure

23) Макаров: advanced low-power Schottky (TTL)

24) Нефть и газ: Artificial Lift System

25) Электротехника: aluminum sheath

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > als
11 SL

1) Общая лексика: single line diagrams, Second Life ( virtual alternative universe)

2) Компьютерная техника: Source Statement Library

3) Американизм: State Library

4) Спорт: Sport Light, Sporting Lisbon, Starting Line

5) Латинский язык: Sine Loco

6) Военный термин: Sea Launch, Security Level, Sensitivity Level, Silenced Liberators, Slow Loader, Sniper Lords, Staged Loading, Steel And Lead, Strategic Logistics, System Layer, safety level, safety limit, sea landing, second lieutenant, section leader, service letter, shelf life, ship-launched, shoulder-launched, signal level, skill level, sound locator, squad leader, squadron, squadron leader, start line, stick leave, stock level, stock list, storage location, structures laboratory, sub-lieutenant, supplementary list, supplier letter, support line, surface launch

7) Техника: Self Locking, Subscriber's Lines, satellite link, satellite-borne laser, semiclassical linearization theory, shrinkage limit, slew rate, slightly soluble, space laser, square-law, stationary low, straight-line depreciation

8) Шутливое выражение: Spirit Lady

9) Химия: Short Lived, ВК ( водорастворимый концентрат) (название препаративной формы согласно коду GIFAP)

10) Математика: символическая логика (symbolic logic)

11) Религия: Satan's Lovers

12) Железнодорожный термин: Salt Lake City Southern Railroad, Short Line

13) Фармакология: под язык

14) Грубое выражение: Sexy Lady, Sexy Lookin, Slow Loser, Sucker Love

15) Политика: Sierra Leone

16) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Slovenia), Salvage Loss, Slovenian, Slovenian/Slovene, Soft Landing, Source Level, Space Launch, Space Launcher, SpaceLab, Streamlined (boat-tailed), safe locker, sand-loaded, sea level, slide, sliding, south latitude, sublingual

17) Университет: Student Life, Student Loan, Swift Lecture

18) Физика: Super Lattice

19) Физиология: Sensation Level, Sensory Level

20) Электроника: Specification Limit

21) Вычислительная техника: Space Launch (Space), SpaceLab (Space)

22) Нефть: liquid saturation, section line, sonic log, south line

23) Транспорт: Same Lane, Spoiler Lover, Sport Luxury, Steam Locomotive, Superstar Limo

24) Холодильная техника: suction line

25) Экология: sea level observations

26) СМИ: Scottish Lass, Small Letters, Spot Light

27) Деловая лексика: Sold

28) Бурение: южная граница (south line), южная линия (south line)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: scattering layer

30) Образование: Supervised Learning

31) Полимеры: space laboratory, straight line

32) Программирование: Save Layout, Short Length, Source Language, Speak Language

33) Сахалин Ю: steam low, steam low pressure (3-5 bar)

34) Химическое оружие: site location

35) Авиационная медицина: sluggishness

36) Расширение файла: S-Lang language source code file

37) SAP.тех. системный журнал

38) Нефть и газ: scale low limit, seal liquid, seismic log, AL

39) Алюминиевая промышленность: spent liquor

40) Электротехника: separately leaded, stability limit

41) Фантастика Sith Lord

42) Должность: Service Learning, Skill Less, Software Laborer

43) Чат: Scots Lass

44) NYSE. S L Industries, Inc.

45) Программное обеспечение: Second Life, Standard Library, System Library

46) Единицы измерений: Step Length

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SL
12 Sl

1) Общая лексика: single line diagrams, Second Life ( virtual alternative universe)

2) Компьютерная техника: Source Statement Library

3) Американизм: State Library

4) Спорт: Sport Light, Sporting Lisbon, Starting Line

5) Латинский язык: Sine Loco

6) Военный термин: Sea Launch, Security Level, Sensitivity Level, Silenced Liberators, Slow Loader, Sniper Lords, Staged Loading, Steel And Lead, Strategic Logistics, System Layer, safety level, safety limit, sea landing, second lieutenant, section leader, service letter, shelf life, ship-launched, shoulder-launched, signal level, skill level, sound locator, squad leader, squadron, squadron leader, start line, stick leave, stock level, stock list, storage location, structures laboratory, sub-lieutenant, supplementary list, supplier letter, support line, surface launch

7) Техника: Self Locking, Subscriber's Lines, satellite link, satellite-borne laser, semiclassical linearization theory, shrinkage limit, slew rate, slightly soluble, space laser, square-law, stationary low, straight-line depreciation

8) Шутливое выражение: Spirit Lady

9) Химия: Short Lived, ВК ( водорастворимый концентрат) (название препаративной формы согласно коду GIFAP)

10) Математика: символическая логика (symbolic logic)

11) Религия: Satan's Lovers

12) Железнодорожный термин: Salt Lake City Southern Railroad, Short Line

13) Фармакология: под язык

14) Грубое выражение: Sexy Lady, Sexy Lookin, Slow Loser, Sucker Love

15) Политика: Sierra Leone

16) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Slovenia), Salvage Loss, Slovenian, Slovenian/Slovene, Soft Landing, Source Level, Space Launch, Space Launcher, SpaceLab, Streamlined (boat-tailed), safe locker, sand-loaded, sea level, slide, sliding, south latitude, sublingual

17) Университет: Student Life, Student Loan, Swift Lecture

18) Физика: Super Lattice

19) Физиология: Sensation Level, Sensory Level

20) Электроника: Specification Limit

21) Вычислительная техника: Space Launch (Space), SpaceLab (Space)

22) Нефть: liquid saturation, section line, sonic log, south line

23) Транспорт: Same Lane, Spoiler Lover, Sport Luxury, Steam Locomotive, Superstar Limo

24) Холодильная техника: suction line

25) Экология: sea level observations

26) СМИ: Scottish Lass, Small Letters, Spot Light

27) Деловая лексика: Sold

28) Бурение: южная граница (south line), южная линия (south line)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: scattering layer

30) Образование: Supervised Learning

31) Полимеры: space laboratory, straight line

32) Программирование: Save Layout, Short Length, Source Language, Speak Language

33) Сахалин Ю: steam low, steam low pressure (3-5 bar)

34) Химическое оружие: site location

35) Авиационная медицина: sluggishness

36) Расширение файла: S-Lang language source code file

37) SAP.тех. системный журнал

38) Нефть и газ: scale low limit, seal liquid, seismic log, AL

39) Алюминиевая промышленность: spent liquor

40) Электротехника: separately leaded, stability limit

41) Фантастика Sith Lord

42) Должность: Service Learning, Skill Less, Software Laborer

43) Чат: Scots Lass

44) NYSE. S L Industries, Inc.

45) Программное обеспечение: Second Life, Standard Library, System Library

46) Единицы измерений: Step Length

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Sl
13 sl

1) Общая лексика: single line diagrams, Second Life ( virtual alternative universe)

2) Компьютерная техника: Source Statement Library

3) Американизм: State Library

4) Спорт: Sport Light, Sporting Lisbon, Starting Line

5) Латинский язык: Sine Loco

6) Военный термин: Sea Launch, Security Level, Sensitivity Level, Silenced Liberators, Slow Loader, Sniper Lords, Staged Loading, Steel And Lead, Strategic Logistics, System Layer, safety level, safety limit, sea landing, second lieutenant, section leader, service letter, shelf life, ship-launched, shoulder-launched, signal level, skill level, sound locator, squad leader, squadron, squadron leader, start line, stick leave, stock level, stock list, storage location, structures laboratory, sub-lieutenant, supplementary list, supplier letter, support line, surface launch

7) Техника: Self Locking, Subscriber's Lines, satellite link, satellite-borne laser, semiclassical linearization theory, shrinkage limit, slew rate, slightly soluble, space laser, square-law, stationary low, straight-line depreciation

8) Шутливое выражение: Spirit Lady

9) Химия: Short Lived, ВК ( водорастворимый концентрат) (название препаративной формы согласно коду GIFAP)

10) Математика: символическая логика (symbolic logic)

11) Религия: Satan's Lovers

12) Железнодорожный термин: Salt Lake City Southern Railroad, Short Line

13) Фармакология: под язык

14) Грубое выражение: Sexy Lady, Sexy Lookin, Slow Loser, Sucker Love

15) Политика: Sierra Leone

16) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Slovenia), Salvage Loss, Slovenian, Slovenian/Slovene, Soft Landing, Source Level, Space Launch, Space Launcher, SpaceLab, Streamlined (boat-tailed), safe locker, sand-loaded, sea level, slide, sliding, south latitude, sublingual

17) Университет: Student Life, Student Loan, Swift Lecture

18) Физика: Super Lattice

19) Физиология: Sensation Level, Sensory Level

20) Электроника: Specification Limit

21) Вычислительная техника: Space Launch (Space), SpaceLab (Space)

22) Нефть: liquid saturation, section line, sonic log, south line

23) Транспорт: Same Lane, Spoiler Lover, Sport Luxury, Steam Locomotive, Superstar Limo

24) Холодильная техника: suction line

25) Экология: sea level observations

26) СМИ: Scottish Lass, Small Letters, Spot Light

27) Деловая лексика: Sold

28) Бурение: южная граница (south line), южная линия (south line)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: scattering layer

30) Образование: Supervised Learning

31) Полимеры: space laboratory, straight line

32) Программирование: Save Layout, Short Length, Source Language, Speak Language

33) Сахалин Ю: steam low, steam low pressure (3-5 bar)

34) Химическое оружие: site location

35) Авиационная медицина: sluggishness

36) Расширение файла: S-Lang language source code file

37) SAP.тех. системный журнал

38) Нефть и газ: scale low limit, seal liquid, seismic log, AL

39) Алюминиевая промышленность: spent liquor

40) Электротехника: separately leaded, stability limit

41) Фантастика Sith Lord

42) Должность: Service Learning, Skill Less, Software Laborer

43) Чат: Scots Lass

44) NYSE. S L Industries, Inc.

45) Программное обеспечение: Second Life, Standard Library, System Library

46) Единицы измерений: Step Length

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sl
14 LS

1) Общая лексика: list of spare parts

2) Компьютерная техника: Lacks Software, Language Sensitive, Laser Serial, Laser Servo, Linux Standalone, List For Similar, List Scheduling, List Short, Logic Switch, Login Shell

3) Авиация: landing strip

4) Медицина: lumbosacral (пояснично-крестцовый)

5) Американизм: List Shows

6) Военный термин: Labor Service, Land Forces, Southern Europe, Land Sea, Launch Service, Letter Service, London Scottish, Long Shen, Longitudinal Section, landing ship, landing site, laser seeker, laser system, launch simulator, launch site, launch station, launch system, launching silo, lead sheet, level setter, life system, line scan, list of specifications, logistic support, loudspeaker, low speed, launching station, Land System

7) Техника: last sent, lighting system, linear smoothing, local synchronization, locked shut, концевой выключатель

8) Сельское хозяйство: Light Sussex

9) Математика: La Salle, Large Scale, менее значащий (less significant), метод наименьших квадратов, младший (о разряде), наименее значимый (least significant)

10) Юридический термин: Law Select

11) Страхование: Liner shipping, Summer timber load line

12) Астрономия: List Star

13) Ветеринария: Lepidopterists' Society

14) Грубое выражение: Little Shit

15) Оптика: logical sum

16) Политика: Liechtenstein

17) Телекоммуникации: Link State, Loop Start

18) Сокращение: Landing System, Leading Seaman, Lesotho, Letter Signed, Licentiate in Surgery, Liechtenstein (NATO country code), Linnaean Society, launcher site, limestone, Locus Sigilli (place of seal)

19) Текстиль: Long Sleeve

20) Физиология: Lifespan Setting, Liver And Spleen, Lumbar Spine, Lumbosacral

21) Электроника: Limit State

22) Вычислительная техника: less significant, load server, LAN Server (IBM)

23) Картография: levee station

24) Транспорт: Long Stroke

25) Фирменный знак: Lone Star

26) Экология: lightship station

27) Реклама: дальний план

28) Деловая лексика: Labor Saving, Lots Standard, Low Shrinkage, место для печати (locus sigilli)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: load sense (control system)

30) Сетевые технологии: Library Server, Licensing System, Link Server, Link Similar, Local Scope, Local Storage, Local System, Luxury Sport

31) Полимеры: laminated sheet, left side, level switch, light scattering, low-structure

32) Программирование: Level Subroutine, Load Save

33) Сахалин А: limit of supply

34) Общая лексика: load sensing

35) Химическое оружие: Limit switch

36) Макаров: lantern slide, lapped seam, long shot, low Schottky, low-power Schottky

37) Нефть и газ: Communication Lines, low pressure steam

38) Электротехника: line switch, load shedding

39) Должность: Land Surveyor

40) Чат: Lots Of Stuff, Lucky Sis

41) Федеральное бюро расследований: Louisville Field Office

42) Единицы измерений: Light Seconds

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LS
15 ls

1) Общая лексика: list of spare parts

2) Компьютерная техника: Lacks Software, Language Sensitive, Laser Serial, Laser Servo, Linux Standalone, List For Similar, List Scheduling, List Short, Logic Switch, Login Shell

3) Авиация: landing strip

4) Медицина: lumbosacral (пояснично-крестцовый)

5) Американизм: List Shows

6) Военный термин: Labor Service, Land Forces, Southern Europe, Land Sea, Launch Service, Letter Service, London Scottish, Long Shen, Longitudinal Section, landing ship, landing site, laser seeker, laser system, launch simulator, launch site, launch station, launch system, launching silo, lead sheet, level setter, life system, line scan, list of specifications, logistic support, loudspeaker, low speed, launching station, Land System

7) Техника: last sent, lighting system, linear smoothing, local synchronization, locked shut, концевой выключатель

8) Сельское хозяйство: Light Sussex

9) Математика: La Salle, Large Scale, менее значащий (less significant), метод наименьших квадратов, младший (о разряде), наименее значимый (least significant)

10) Юридический термин: Law Select

11) Страхование: Liner shipping, Summer timber load line

12) Астрономия: List Star

13) Ветеринария: Lepidopterists' Society

14) Грубое выражение: Little Shit

15) Оптика: logical sum

16) Политика: Liechtenstein

17) Телекоммуникации: Link State, Loop Start

18) Сокращение: Landing System, Leading Seaman, Lesotho, Letter Signed, Licentiate in Surgery, Liechtenstein (NATO country code), Linnaean Society, launcher site, limestone, Locus Sigilli (place of seal)

19) Текстиль: Long Sleeve

20) Физиология: Lifespan Setting, Liver And Spleen, Lumbar Spine, Lumbosacral

21) Электроника: Limit State

22) Вычислительная техника: less significant, load server, LAN Server (IBM)

23) Картография: levee station

24) Транспорт: Long Stroke

25) Фирменный знак: Lone Star

26) Экология: lightship station

27) Реклама: дальний план

28) Деловая лексика: Labor Saving, Lots Standard, Low Shrinkage, место для печати (locus sigilli)

29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: load sense (control system)

30) Сетевые технологии: Library Server, Licensing System, Link Server, Link Similar, Local Scope, Local Storage, Local System, Luxury Sport

31) Полимеры: laminated sheet, left side, level switch, light scattering, low-structure

32) Программирование: Level Subroutine, Load Save

33) Сахалин А: limit of supply

34) Общая лексика: load sensing

35) Химическое оружие: Limit switch

36) Макаров: lantern slide, lapped seam, long shot, low Schottky, low-power Schottky

37) Нефть и газ: Communication Lines, low pressure steam

38) Электротехника: line switch, load shedding

39) Должность: Land Surveyor

40) Чат: Lots Of Stuff, Lucky Sis

41) Федеральное бюро расследований: Louisville Field Office

42) Единицы измерений: Light Seconds

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ls
16 LSA

1) Общая лексика: Library Support Assistant

2) Американизм: Local System Authority

3) Спорт: Light-Sport Aircraft

4) Военный термин: LAN Systems Administrator, Labor Service Agency, Local Situational Awareness, Logistics Support Agency, Logistics Support Area, Lubricant, Small Arms, landing ship, assault, light strike aircraft, logistic support area, logistics support analysis, logistics support arrangement, logistics system analysis

5) Техника: large space antenna, least-squares adjustment, limited space-charge accumulation, low cost solar array

6) Шутливое выражение: Lost Souls Alliance

7) Юридический термин: Louisiana Statutes Annotated

8) Сокращение: Libre Service d'Affranchisement (French self service weighing & labeling machine), Linguistic Society of America, Loss of Situation Awareness, Link State Advertisement, Local Security Authority, International Life-Saving Appliance Code (LSA Code) (Международный кодекс по спасательным средствам)

9) Университет: La Salle Academy

10) Физика: Limited Speed Arouser

11) Вычислительная техника: Lotus Solution Architecture (Lotus), Link State Advertisement (OSPF)

12) Космонавтика: launch services agreement

13) Образование: Learning Support Assistant

14) Сетевые технологии: LAN security architecture, архитектура безопасности локальной сети, (Link State Advertisement) объявление о состоянии связей

15) Программирование: Last Section Altered, (LAN Security Architecture) архитектура безопасности ЛВС (см. LAN Security Architecture)

16) Сахалин Р: Life Saving Appliances, low specific activity

17) Авиационная медицина: loss of situational awareness

18) Расширение файла: Line Sharing Adapter, LAN and SCSI Adapter (IBM), Local Security Authority (Microsoft)

19) Нефть и газ: НУА, низкая удельная активность

20) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: Life Support Accommodation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LSA
17 advertising

сущ.

1) рекл. реклама (совокупность каких-л. рекламных объявлений; обычно употребляется с указанием места, где размещается данная реклама)

alcohol advertising on radio — реклама алкоголя на радио

Over 60 percent of alcohol advertising [on television\] is shown during sports programming

to broadcast advertising of gambling services — передавать в эфир рекламу игорных заведений

amount of advertising in the media — объем рекламы в СМИ

Asian governments have attempted to limit excessive consumptions by instituting strict control over the content and amount of advertising in the media.

advertising on buses — реклама на автобусах

Advertising [on buses\] is one of the important advertising means to which companies and establishments attach great importance because this type of advertisement is a mobile one seen by all.

two-thirds of the food and drink advertising for children under 12 — две трети всей рекламы продуктов питания для детей младше 12-ти лет

Last month, 10 companies that produce almost two-thirds of the food and drink advertising [for children\] under 12 agreed to start cutting back on advertising junk foods.

to distribute printing advertising — распространять печатную рекламу

No person shall within the city distribute [printed\] advertising by placing it within or upon parked automobiles.

2) рекл. реклама, рекламирование (процесс осуществления рекламы; как правило, употребляется с указанием рекламируемого продукта)

to prevent alcohol advertising — не допустить рекламирования алкоголя

Alcohol advertising is the promotion of alcoholic beverages by alcohol producers through a variety of media.

to regulate advertising of gambling — регулировать рекламу игорного бизнеса

the control of medicines advertising in the UK — контроль за рекламой лекарств в Соединенном Королевстве

to specialize in advertising to women — специализироваться на рекламе для женщин

ATTRIBUTES: accessory 2. 1), advance 3. 2), aerial 3. 1), agricultural, air 2. 1),

alternative 2. 3), ambient 1. 1), audiovisual, auxiliary 2. 1), block 1. 4) а), boastful, broadcast 2. 1), n1, classified 1. 1), commercial 1. 4) а), comparative, competing 1. 1) а), competitive 1. 2) а), concept 1. 2) а), consumer 1. 1) а), continuity 1. 1) а), controversial 1. 1) а), cooperative 2. 1), n2, coordinated, corporate 1. 2) а), б, corrective 1. 1), creative, deceptive, demographic, denigratory, dissipative, domestic 1. 2) а),

foreign 1) б), global, professional 1. 3) б), regional, repeat 3. 3) б), strategic, superior 3. 1) б), test 3. 3) б), traditional

Syn:

advertisement 2)

See:

accessory advertising, advance advertising, advocacy advertising, aerial advertising, agricultural advertising, air advertising, aisle advertising, alternative advertising, ambient advertising, analogy advertising, association advertising, audiovisual advertising, auxiliary advertising, bait advertising, bait and switch advertising, bait-and-switch advertising, bank advertising, banner advertising, bargain advertising, bargain-basement advertising, block advertising, boastful advertising, brand advertising, brand image advertising, brand name advertising, breakthrough advertising, broadcast advertising, burst advertising, business advertising, business paper advertising, business publication advertising, business-to-business advertising, car-card advertising, cause advertising, challenged advertising, charity advertising, children's advertising, cinema advertising, classified advertising, combative advertising, commercial advertising, comparative advertising, comparison advertising, competing advertising, competitive advertising, concept advertising, consumer advertising, continuity advertising, controversial advertising, co-op advertising, cooperative advertising, coordinated advertising, corporate advertising, corporate image advertising, corrective advertising, counter advertising, counteradvertising, coupon advertising, creative advertising, deceptive advertising, demographic advertising, demonstration advertising, denigratory advertising, direct advertising, direct response advertising, direct-action advertising, direct mail advertising, direct-mail advertising, directory advertising, display advertising, dissipative advertising, domestic advertising, door-to-door advertising, educational advertising, electric advertising, electrical advertising, e-mail based advertising, entertaining advertising, ethical advertising, export advertising, eye-catching advertising, factual advertising, false advertising, farm advertising, fashion advertising, film advertising, financial advertising, flexform advertising, follow-up advertising, foreign advertising, fraudulent advertising, full-page advertising, gender advertising, general advertising, generic advertising, global advertising, goodwill advertising, group advertising, hard-sell advertising, hard-selling advertising, heavy advertising, help wanted advertising, high-pressure advertising, house advertising, house-to-house advertising, idea advertising, illuminated advertising, image advertising, impact advertising, indirect action advertising, indirect-action advertising, individual advertising, indoor advertising, industrial advertising, information advertising, informational advertising, informative advertising, in-house advertising, initial advertising, innovative advertising, institutional advertising, in-store advertising, insurance advertising, international advertising, interstate advertising, introductory advertising, intrusive advertising, issue advertising, joint advertising, large-scale advertising, launch advertising, legal advertising, local advertising, mail advertising, mail-order advertising, mass advertising, mass-media advertising, media advertising, military advertising, misleading advertising, mobile advertising, mood advertising, movie theatre advertising, multimedia advertising, multinational advertising, national advertising, non-business advertising, non-commercial advertising, novelty advertising, obtrusive advertising, offbeat advertising, off-season advertising, on-line advertising, on-target advertising, opinion advertising, oral advertising, outdoor advertising, out-of-home advertising, package advertising, periodical advertising, personality advertising, persuasive advertising, point-of-purchase advertising, point-of-sale advertising, political advertising, postal advertising, postcard advertising, poster advertising, postmark advertising, pre-launch advertising, premium advertising, press advertising, prestige advertising, price advertising, primary advertising, print advertising, private sector advertising, problem-solution advertising, procurement advertising, producer advertising, product advertising, product-comparison advertising, professional advertising, promotional advertising, public relations advertising, public sector advertising, public service advertising, public-affairs advertising, public interest advertising, public-issue advertising, public-service advertising, radio advertising, railway advertising, reason-why advertising, recruitment advertising, regional advertising, reinforcement advertising, remembrance advertising, reminder advertising, repeat advertising, retail advertising, retentive advertising, saturation advertising, scented advertising, screen advertising, seasonal advertising, selective advertising, self-advertising, semi-display advertising, show-window advertising, sky advertising, slide advertising, social advertising, social cause advertising, soft-sell advertising, specialty advertising, split-run advertising, spot advertising, store advertising, strategic advertising, street advertising, strip advertising, subliminal advertising, sustaining advertising, switch advertising, tactical advertising, target advertising, taxi top advertising, teaser advertising, television advertising, test advertising, testimonial advertising, tie-in advertising, tombstone advertising, total advertising, trade advertising, trademark advertising, traditional advertising, transformational advertising, transit advertising, transportation advertising, truthful advertising, truth-in-advertising, two-step formal advertising, unacceptable advertising, unfair advertising, untruthful advertising, visual advertising, vocational advertising, wall advertising, word-of-mouth advertising, written advertising, yellow pages advertising, advertising abuse, advertising action, advertising aids, advertising analysis а), advertising appeal, advertising approach, advertising audience, advertising awareness, advertising balance, advertising band, advertising believability, advertising break, advertising brochure, advertising catalogue, advertising circular, advertising claim 1) а), advertising clutter, advertising column, advertising communication, advertising competition 2) а), advertising copy, advertising coupon, advertising credibility, advertising cue, advertising decay, advertising deception, advertising device, advertising emphasis, advertising exaggeration, advertising exposure 2) а), advertising factor а), advertising film, advertising folder, advertising frequency, advertising gift, advertising gimmick, advertising handbill, advertising hoarding, advertising image, advertising impact, advertising impression, advertising influence, advertising insert, advertising intensity, advertising jingle, advertising label, advertising leaflet, advertising letter, advertising literature 1) а), advertising location, advertising magazine, advertising material, advertising matter, advertising media, advertising medium, advertising novelty, advertising operation 2) а), advertising page, advertising pamphlet, advertising panel, advertising penetration, advertising perception, advertising personality, advertising playback, advertising point, advertising posttest, advertising pretest, advertising puffery, advertising pylon, advertising race, advertising readership, advertising recall, advertising response, advertising retention, advertising sample, advertising section 2) а), advertising site, advertising slogan, advertising space, advertising specialty, advertising sponsorship, advertising spoof, advertising spot, advertising standards, advertising structure, advertising supplement, advertising test, advertising testing, advertising text, advertising threshold, advertising time, advertising vehicle, advertising wearout, advertising wedge, Canadian Code of Advertising Standards, Code of Advertising Practice, Defining Advertising goals for Measured Advertising Results, Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, ICC Guidelines / Code on Advertising and Marketing on the Internet, ICC International Code of Advertising Practice, ICC International Code of Environmental Advertising, ICC International Codes of Marketing and Advertising Practices, Standard Advertising Register, Standard Directory of Advertising Agencies, Standards of Practice of the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Advertising Association, Advertising Association of the West, Advertising Checking Bureau, Advertising Club of New York, Advertising Council, Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc. 2), Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc.

3) рекл. рекламное дело, рекламная деятельность, рекламный бизнес (реклама как вид деятельности безотносительно каких-л. конкретных продуктов; реклама как одна из функций организации)

advertising counsellor [consultant\] — рекламный консультант, консультант по рекламе

advertising expert — рекламный эксперт, эксперт по рекламе

advertising textbook — учебник по рекламе

Syn:

advertising business 1)

See:

above-the-line advertising, below-the-line advertising, flat fee advertising, investment advertising, per inquiry advertising, advertising account, advertising activity, advertising agency, advertising agent, advertising agreement, advertising allowance, advertising analysis б), advertising appropriation, advertising assistant, advertising audit, advertising brief, advertising broker, advertising budget, advertising business, advertising campaign, advertising canvasser, advertising claim 2) б), advertising club, advertising code, advertising community, advertising company, advertising competition 1) б), advertising contract, advertising contractor, advertising control, advertising cooperative, advertising copywriting, advertising cost, advertising coverage, advertising customer, advertising department, advertising director, advertising directory, advertising drive, advertising effect, advertising effectiveness, advertising efficiency, advertising environment, advertising ethics, advertising exchange, advertising executive, advertising expenditures, advertising expenses, advertising exposure 1) б), &3, advertising factor б), advertising firm, advertising guide, advertising industry, advertising injury, advertising landscape, advertising legislation, advertising leverage, advertising liability, advertising linage, advertising literature 2) б), advertising man, advertising management, advertising manager, advertising method, advertising mix, advertising monopoly, advertising network, advertising objective, advertising office, advertising operation 1) б), advertising order, advertising outcome, advertising outlay, advertising output, advertising people, advertising performance, advertising personnel, advertising plan, advertising planner, advertising planning, advertising portfolio, advertising practice, advertising practitioner, advertising professional, advertising programme, advertising purpose, advertising rate, advertising register, advertising representative, advertising research, advertising restrictions, advertising sales agents, advertising schedule, advertising section 1) б), advertising self-regulation, advertising services, advertising specialist, advertising spending, advertising statistics, advertising strategy, advertising substantiation, advertising support, advertising talent, advertising theory, advertising value, advertising variable, advertising weight, media buy, copywriting, advertology

* * *
реклама, рекламирование: использование печатных, теле-, радио- и иных посланий, оплаченных рекламодателем, для благоприятного воздействия на потенциальных покупателей товара или клиентов.
* * *

размещение объявлений; размещение рекламы; рекламирование
. . Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Международное страхование

реклама

эмоционально окрашенная информация об основных характеристиках отдельных видов страхования и страховых операций с целью формирования устойчивого спроса на страховые услуги

-----

Реклама

реклама

средство распространения информации и убеждения людей через прессу, телевидение, радиовещание, объявления, плакаты и другим образом

Англо-русский экономический словарь > advertising
18 area

площадь; участок; пространство; область, район, зона; поверхность

"gold-plated" area of instrument panel — наиболее легко обозреваемый (лётчиком) участок приборной доски

air base service area — США район расположения тыловых частей и подразделений авиационной базы

air traffic advisory area — район с консультативной службой (воздушного) движения

airway traffic control area — зона управления воздушным движением по трассе полётов

area of fire protection — зона противопожарной защиты

area of high pressure — метео. область высокого давления, антициклон

area of low pressure — метео. область низкого давления, циклон

area of pressure differential — область перепада давлений

area of work effort — сфера деятельности

assembly and test area — ркт. сборочно-проверочная площадка

booster (engine) disposal area — район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [ускорителей]

booster (engine) impact area — район сброса [падения] стартовых двигателей [ускорителей]

disc area of main rotor — верт. площадь диска несущего винта

engine inlet duct area — площадь воздухозаборника двигателя

exhaust jet area — площадь выходного сечения сопла; площадь сечения струи истекающих газов

floor area between the ramps — площадь пола грузовой кабины между (передним и задним) грузовыми трапами

guidance and control area — ркт. площадка управления пуском и наведением

jet engine run-up area — площадка прогрева и опробования реактивных двигателей

local area of separation — область местного отрыва (потока)

main rotor blade area — площадь лопасти несущего винта

mean area of air weapon effectiveness — средняя величина площади эффективности авиационного оружия

missile ammunition storage area — площадка для хранения боевого снаряжения ракет

missile assembly and arming area — площадка для сборки и снаряжения ракет

rearming and turnaround area — площадка для подготовки (самолёта) к повторному боевому вылету

starter cartridge exhaust area — зона выхлопа газов из стартера

student jet training area — зона обучения курсантов полётам на реактивных самолётах

wind tunnel working section area — площадь сечения рабочей части аэродинамической трубы

— aerial fighting area

— aerial refueling area

— aileron area

— air covered area

— air defense area

— air intake area

— air material area

— air objective area

— air swept area

— air target area

— airborne objective area

— airbrake area

— aircraft alighting area

— aircraft loading area

— aircraft vulnerable areas

— aircraft's floor area

— airfield approach area

— airplane defense area

— airscrew disc area

— air-to-air gunnery area

— alighting area

— angle-of-attack area

— antenna area

— antiaircraft defended area

— approach area

— area of dispersion

— area of drag

— area of pitch-up

— assembly area

— attack area

— aviation restricted area

— avionics area

— avoid operation area

— bailout area

— balance area

— barrage patrol area

— base area

— battery control area

— battery launcher area

— blade area

— blanketed area

— blocked area

— body reference area

— bombing area

— burning area

— burning surface area

— capture area

— carrying area

— caution area

— chamber surface area

— characteristic area

— checkout area

— chop-out area

— chute area

— circular-mil area

— collecting area

— combustion-chamber surface area

— congestion area

— constricted area

— contact area

— contracted area

— control area

— controllable area

— conversion area

— critical scan area

— critical target area

— critical test area

— critical trials area

— cut-in area

— damage area

— danger-restricted area

— dead-fluid area

— deep-space area

— defenseless area

— deicing area

— design wing area

— developed area

— disaster area

— disc area

— discharge area

— dispersal parking area

— dispersion area

— distress area

— docking area

— dorsal fin area

— downwash area

— drag area

— dropping area

— duo-curved area

— echoing area

— effective area

— effective target area

— ejector outlet area

— elevator area

— elevon area

— emitting area

— engine area

— engine exit area

— equivalent flat-plate area

— erection area

— exit jet area

— exit the area

— exit-section area

— exposed area

— exposed burning area

— exposed wing area

— facial area

— fallback area

— fin area

— flame area

— flap area

— flight test area

— flight-approach area

— flow area

— flying area

— forced-landing area

— free cross-sectional area

— frontal area

— fuel-tight area

— gas-port area

— glide-in area

— gross footprint area

— gross wing area

— heat transfer area

— high bay area

— high-drag turbulent area

— high-pressure area

— high-probability landing area

— high-stress area

— holding area

— horizontal tail area

— hover area

— impact area

— impingement area

— inhibited area

— injection area

— inlet area

— inspection area

— instability area

— intake area

— intermediate landing area

— jettison area

— joining area

— jump area

— laminar area

— laminarized area

— land recovery area

— landing area

— launch base area

— launching area

— letdown area

— lifting surface area

— lightning area

— local area

— localizer engage area

— low-drag laminar area

— low-flying area

— low-pressure area

— lunar sampling area

— maintenance area

— marschalling area

— mating area

— midcabin area

— net footprint area

— net wing area

— noise critical area

— nonpassenger area

— nozzle exit area

— nozzle-throat area

— null area

— off-airways area

— off-base dispersal area

— one-directional landing area

— overcast area

— overlapping area

— panel area

— parking area

— passage area

— paved area

— penetration area

— planform area

— port area

— potential launch area

— precipitation area

— preflight preparations area

— prelaunch area

— preprogramed landing area

— presentation area

— pressurized area

— projected area

— propeller area

— propeller-blade area

— propeller-disc area

— radar-control area

— radiating area

— ramp area

— ready-use area

— receipt area

— receiving area

— recovery area

— reference area

— refueling area

— reloading area

— rendezvous area

— representative area

— required burning area

— rich-mixture combustion area

— rotor-blade area

— rudder area

— run-up area

— runway overrun area

— salvo area

— scanned area

— scheduled area

— seaplane alighting area

— seaplane parking area

— search area

— sectional area

— separation area

— service area

— servicing area

— shaded area

— shadow area

— site area

— solid-to-core assembly area

— special rules area

— splash area

— spoiler area

— stability area

— stable area

— stacking area

— stalled area

— standby area

— static electricity area

— striped warning area

— subsonic area

— sucked area

— supersonic area

— support area

— supporting area

— surfaced area

— swept area

— tail area

— tailplane area

— takeoff area

— target profile area

— technical area

— terminal area

— test area

— throat area

— total blade area

— touchdown area

— transmitting area

— transparency area

— turbulent area

— turbulent atmosphere area

— uncontracted area

— underrun area

— undershoot area

— unloading area

— unpressurized area

— unshaded area

— unshielded area

— unstable area

— unsucked area

— variable-throat area

— vehicle area

— VFR area

— warhead installation area

— water landing area

— wetted area

— wing area

— wing planform area

— working area

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > area
19 line

линия; цепь ( боевой порядок) ; линия фронта; развернутый строй; позиция; ( оборонительный) рубеж; проводная связь; провод, кабель; отмечаться по основному направлению

hit a line (by) — достигать рубежа (к указанному времени)

— "light safe" line

— ACE lines of communications

— action line

— adaptive radio communications line

— advance guard reserve deployment line

— aerial supply line

— aiming line

— air base line

— air lines of communication

— air refueling line

— air wire communication line

— airhead line

— allowance line of fire

— alternate communications line

— anchor line

— angular-spread antenna tropospheric communications line

— artillery control line

— assault starting line

— ASW line

— attack line

— attention line

— attrition line

— audio/digital communications line

— automatic radio relay communications line

— barrage line

— barrier line

— base line

— base point line

— battery target line

— battle commitment line

— beachhead line

— blast line

— bomb release line

— bomb safety line

— boresight datum line

— branch lines

— cable communication line

— carrierborne aircraft takeoff line

— carrier-frequency distribution tropospheric communications line

— CAS coordination line

— centre line

— change-of-command line

— channel efficiency monitoring capability radio relay line

— close rate contour line

— coaxial wire communications line

— color line

— combat outpost line

— command line

— commitment line

— contamination control line

— continuous defense line

— continuous forward defense line

— contour line

— control line

— coordinated fire line

— coordinated line

— coordination line

— counterattack line

— courier line

— course line

— crack a line

— cut across the enemy line of communications

— decision making line

— Defense hot line

— defense line

— defensive line

— dependent line of sight

— deployment line

— destruct line

— direct communications line

— direct support artillery no-fire line

— dismount line

— disrupt supply lines

— Distant Early Warning line

— divided scale line

— dividing line

— dose rate contour line

— dose rate prediction line

— drift line

— drop out of the line

— dummy forward defense line

— early warning line

— engineer work line

— escape line

— extended line

— exterior lines of communications

— fall into line

— fallout drift line

— fallout line

— far target detection line

— fiber-optics cable communications line

— field cable line

— fighter commitment line

— fighter takeoff line

— fighting line

— final airhead line

— final beachhead line

— final bomb release line

— final coordination line

— final defense line

— final deployment line

— final protective line

— fire coordination line

— fire line of sight

— fire line

— fire/no fire lines

— fire-support coordination line

— firing line

— first-phase line

— foremost defended localities line

— form lines

— fortified line

— forward line of enemy troops

— forward line of own troops

— forward line

— foul line

— free fire line

— front line

— front lines of communications

— fuel-endurance limited air target destruction line

— general outpost line

— geostrategic lines of communications

— get into line

— grid line

— gridded thrust line

— grid-north base line

— ground cavalry troop deployment line

— gun lines

— gunner-target line

— gun-target line

— hardened wire line

— H-hour coordinating line

— high-speed information transmission tropospheric communications line

— holding line

— hot line

— hydroacoustic communications line

— in the lines

— independent line of sight

— index contour line

— initial airhead line

— initial bomb release line

— initial line

— initial phase line

— interior lines of communications

— intermediate defense line

— intertheater lines of communications

— intratheater lines of communications

— ionospheric-meteorite radio communications line

— isointensity line

— jamproof secure communications line

— jump-off line

— land communications line

— lateral lines of communications

— launch-control line

— launcher line

— launching line

— lead line

— leapfrog the forward line of own troops

— least expectation line

— lethal SAM line

— light waveguide communications line

— line abreast

— line astern

— line by shooting

— line of advance

— line of aim

— line of authority

— line of battalion columns

— line of battalions

— line of battle positions

— line of battle

— line of bearing

— line of columns

— line of companies

— line of conduct

— line of contact

— line of control

— line of demarcation

— line of departure

— line of direction

— line of duty

— line of elevation

— line of explosive

— line of fall

— line of flight

— line of impact

— line of interception

— line of least resistance

— line of local security

— line of march

— line of metal

— line of platoons

— line of positioning

— line of resistance

— line of retirement

— line of retreat

— line of section columns

— line of sight

— line of site

— line of skirmishers

— line of supervision

— line of targets

— line of the Army

— line of withdrawal

— line one

— lines of communications

— lines open to the enemy

— lodgement line

— low-security rating line

— magnetic north base line

— main advance line

— main line of friendly resistance

— march initial line

— maritime supply lines

— master contour line

— mean line of fire

— meteorite communications line

— military demarcation line

— mine line

— minimum line of interception

— minimum range line

— missile reference line

— missile release line

— mission execution line

— mount line

— multichannel communications line

— national supply line

— night traffic line

— no-fly line

— non-deployment line

— nonnuclear safety line

— no-vehicle-light line

— nuclear safety line

— observation line

— observer-target line

— off for line

— officers' line

— O-O line

— open line

— open out the lines

— opening barrage line

— operational line

— operations line

— optical wave meterband radio relay communications line

— orienting line

— outpost line of observation

— outpost line of resistance

— outpost line

— overhead line

— overland lines of communications

— pass down the line

— patrol line

— phase line

— phase-pulse distortion-compensated enhanced credibility discrete information transmission tropospheric line

— picket line

— point-to-point direct tropospheric communications line

— poled cable line

— position line

— prescribed nuclear line

— probable line of deployment

— protective line

— radial communications line

— radiation intensity line

— radio-relay communications line

— radio-relay tropospheric communications line

— rear edge of the battle area obstacle line

— reciprocal sighting line

— reconnaissance and security line

— reconnaissance line

— red voice communications line

— release line

— report line

— reserve line

— restrictive fire line

— right down the line

— safety line

— safety phase lines

— SAM battery mission assignment line

— satellite detection line

— screen line

— sea lines of communications

— secure a line

— secured line

— semipermanent wire line

— sentry line

— separation line

— sever lines of communications

— sheet line

— shore bombardment line

— sighting line

— single communications line

— skirmish line

— smoke generation line

— snubbing line

— splash line

— spotting line

— spray line

— squads line

— stake out a line

— starting line

— straddle lines of communications

— straighten front line

— strategic demolition belt line

— supply line

— support coordination line

— swing into line

— tactical bomb line

— target area base line

— target distribution line

— target line

— target sighting line

— thrust line

— traffic control line

— trail line

— transatlantic tropospheric VHF communications line

— transfer line

— transport line

— tropospheric communications line

— truce line

— trunk circuit line

— trunk communications line

— unblocked line of sight

— underwater cable line

— unhardened wire line

— unit's lines

— unsecured line

— up the line

— vehicle line

— vigilance line

— water line

— waveguide communications line

— weapon-target line

— wedges line

— wire line

— zero line

English-Russian military dictionary > line
20 near cash

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гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
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consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
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the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
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strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
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the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
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the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
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the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
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Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
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Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
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Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
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enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
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not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
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to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
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further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

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